Previous Next
Coelum philosophorum by Paracelsus
THE COELUM PHILOSOPHORUM,
OR BOOK OF VEXATIONS;
By PHILIPPUS THEOPHRASTUS PARACELSUS.
THE SCIENCE AND NATURE OF ALCHEMY, AND WHAT OPINION SHOULD BE
FORMED THEREOF.
Regulated by the Seven Rules or Fundamental Canons
according
to the seven commonly known Metals; and containing a
Preface with certain Treatises and Appendices.
THE PREFACE
OF THEOPHRASTUS PARACELSUS TO ALL ALCHEMISTS AND READERS
OF THIS BOOK.
YOU who are skilled in Alchemy, and as many others as promise
yourselves great riches or chiefly desire to make gold and silver,
which Alchemy in different ways promises and teaches; equally,
too, you who willingly undergo toil and vexations, and wish not
to be freed from them, until you have attained your rewards,
and the fulfilment of the promises made to you; experience teaches
this every day, that out of thousands of you not even one accomplishes
his desire. Is this a failure of Nature or of Art? I say, no;
but it is rather the fault of fate, or of the unskilfulness of
the operator.
Since, therefore, the characters of the sign of the stars and
planets of heaven, together with the other names, inverted words,
receipts, materials, and instruments are thoroughly well known
to such as are acquainted with this art, it would be altogether
superfluous to recur to these same subjects in the present book,
although the use of such signs, names, and characters at the
proper time is by no means without advantage.
But herein will be noticed another way of treating Alchemy different
from the previous method, and deduced by Seven Canons from the
sevenfold series of the metals. This, indeed, will not give scope
for a pompous parade of words, but, nevertheless, in the consideration
of those Canons everything which should be separated from Alchemy
will be treated at sufficient length, and, moreover, many secrets
of other things are herein contained. Hence, too, result certain
marvellous speculations and new operations which frequently differ
from the writings and opinions of ancient operators and natural
philosophers, but have been discovered and confirmed by full
proof and experimentation.
Moreover, in this Art nothing is more true than this, though
it be little known and gains small confidence. All the fault
and cause of difficulty in Alchemy, whereby very many persons
are reduced to poverty, and others labour in vain, is wholly
and solely lack of skill in the operator, and the defect or excess
of materials, whether in quantity or quality, whence it ensues
that, in the course of operation, things are wasted or reduced
to nothing. If the true process shall have been found, the substance
itself while transmuting approaches daily more and more towards
perfection. The straight road is easy, but it is found by very
few.
Sometimes it may happen that a speculative artist may, by his
own eccentricity, think out for himself some new method in Alchemy,
be the consequence anything or nothing. He need do nought in
order to reduce something into nothing, and again bring back
something out of nothing. Yet this proverb of the incredulous
is not wholly false. Destruction perfects that which is good;
for the good cannot appear on account of that which conceals
it. The good is least good whilst it is thus concealed. The concealment
must be removed that so the good may be able freely to appear
in its own brightness. For example, the mountain, the sand, the
earth, or the stone in which a metal has grown is such a concealment.
Each one of the visible metals is a concealment of the other
six metals.
By the element of fire all that is imperfect is destroyed and
taken away, as, for instance, the five metals, Mercury, Jupiter,
Mars, Venus, and Saturn.1 On the other hand, the perfect metals,
Sol and Luna, are not consumed in that same fire. They remain
in the fire: and at the same time, out of the other imperfect
ones which are destroyed, they assume their own body and become
visible to the eyes. How, and by what method, this comes about
can be gathered from the Seven Canons. Hence it may be learnt
what are the nature and property of each metal, what it effects
with the other metals, and what are its powers in commixture
with them.
But this should be noted in the very first place: that these
Seven Canons cannot be perfectly understood by every cursory
reader at a first glance or a single reading. An inferior intelligence
does not easily perceive occult and abstruse subjects. Each one
of these Canons demands no slight discussion. Many persons, puffed
up with pride, fancy they can easily comprehend all which this
book comprises. Thus they set down its contents as useless and
futile, thinking they have something far better of their own,
and that therefore they can afford to despise what is here contained.
THE COELUM PHILOSOPHORUM.
PART I.
THE SEVEN CANONS OF THE METALS.
THE FIRST CANON.
CONCERNING THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF MERCURY.2
All things are concealed in all. One of them all is the concealer
of the rest their corporeal vessel, external, visible,
and movable. All liquefactions are manifested in that vessel.
For the vessel is a living and corporeal spirit, and so all coagulations
or congelations enclosed in it, when prevented from flowing and
surrounded, are not therewith content. No name can be found for
this liquefaction, by which it may be designated; still less
can it be found for its origin. And since no heat is so strong
as to be equalised therewith, it should be compared to the fire
of Gehenna. A liquefaction of this kind has no sort of connection
with others made by the heat of natural fire, or congelated or
coagulated by natural cold. These congelations, through their
weakness, are unable to obtain in Mercury, and therefore, on
that account, he altogether contemns them. Hence one may gather
that elementary powers, in their process of destruction, can
add nothing to, nor take away anything from, celestial powers
(which are called Quintessence or its elements), nor have they
any capacity for operating. Celestial and infernal powers do
not obey the four elements, whether they be dry, moist, hot,
or cold. No one of them has the faculty of acting against a Quintessence;
but each one contains within itself its own powers and means
of action.3
THE SECOND CANON.
CONCERNING THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF JUPITER.
In that which is manifest (that is to say, the body of Jupiter)
the other six corporeal metals are spiritually concealed, but
one more deeply and more tenaciously than another. Jupiter has
nothing of a Quintessence in his composition, but is of the nature
of the four elementaries. On this account this liquefaction is
brought about by the application of a moderate fire, and, in
like manner, he is coagulated by moderate cold. He has affinity
with the liquefactions of all the other metals. For the more
like he is to some other nature, the more easily he is united
thereto by conjunction. For the operation of those nearly allied
is easier and more natural than of those which are remote. The
remote body does not press upon the other. At the same time,
it is not feared, though it may be very powerful. Hence it happens
that men do not aspire to the superior orders of creation, because
they are far distant from them, and do not see their glory. In
like manner, they do not much fear those of an inferior order,
because they are remote, and none of the living knows their condition
or has experienced the misery of their punishment. For this cause
an infernal spirit is accounted as nothing. For more remote objects
are on that account held more cheaply and occupy a lower place,
since according to the propriety of its position each object
turns out better, or is transmuted. This can be proved by various
examples.
The more remote, therefore, Jupiter is found to be from Mars
and Venus, and the nearer Sol and Luna, the more "goldness"
or "silveriness", if I may so say, it contains in its
body, and the greater, stronger, more visible, more tangible,
more amiable, more acceptable, more distinguished, and more true
it is found than in some remote body. Again, the more remote
a thing is, of the less account is it esteemed in all the respects
aforesaid, since what is present is always preferred before what
is absent. In proportion as the nearer is clear the more remote
is occult. This, therefore, is a point which you, as an Alchemist,
must seriou(S)ly debate with yourself, how you can relegate Jupiter
to a remote and abstruse place, which Sol and Luna occupy, and
how, in turn, you can summon Sol and Luna from remote positions
to a near place, where Jupiter is corporeally posited; so that,
in the same way, Sol and Luna also may really be present there
corporeally before your eyes. For the transmutation of metals
from imperfection to perfection there are several practical receipts.
Mix the one with the other. Then again separate the one pure
from the other. This is nothing else but the process of permutation,
set in order by perfect alchemical labour. Note that Jupiter
has much gold and not a little silver. Let Saturn and Luna be
imposed on him, and of the rest Luna will be augmented.4
THE THIRD CANON.
CONCERNING MARS AND HIS PROPERTIES.
The six occult metals have expelled the seventh from them,
and have made it corporeal, leaving it little efficacy, and imposing
on it great hardness and weight. This being the case, they have
shaken off all their own strength of coagulation and hardness,
which they manifest in this other body. On the contrary, they
have retained in themselves their colour and liquefaction, together
with their nobility. It is very difficult and laborious for a
prince or a king to be produced out of an unfit and common man.
But Mars acquires dominion. with strong and pugnacious hand,
and seizes on the position of king. He should, however, be on
his guard against snares; that he be not led captive suddenly
and unexpectedly. It must also be considered by what method Mars
may be able to take the place of king, and Sol and Luna, with
Saturn, hold the place of Mars.5
THE FOURTH CANON.
CONCERNING VENUS AND ITS PROPERTIES.
The other six metals have rendered Venus an extrinsical body
by means of all their colour and method of liquefaction. It may
be necessary, in order to understand this, that we should show,
by some examples, how a manifest thing may be rendered occult,
and an occult thing rendered materially manifest by means of
fire. Whatever is combustible can be naturally transmuted by
fire from one form into another, namely, into lime, soot, ashes,
glass, colours, stones, and earth. This last can again be reduced
to many new metallic bodies. If a metal, too, be burnt, or rendered
fragile by old rust, it can again acquire malleability by applications
of fire.6
THE FIFTH CANON.
CONCERNING THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OP SATURN.
Of his own nature Saturn speaks thus: The other six have cast
me out as their examiner. They have thrust me forth from them
and from a spiritual place. They have also added a corruptible
body as a place of abode, so that I may be what they neither
are nor desire to become. My six brothers are spiritual, and
thence it ensues that so often as I am put in the fire they penetrate
my body and, together with me, perish in the fire, Sol and Luna
excepted. These are purified and ennobled in my water. My spirit
is a water softening the rigid and congelated bodies of my brothers.
Yet my body is inclined to the earth. Whatever is received into
me becomes conformed thereto, and by means of us is converted
into one body. It would be of little use to the world if it should
learn, or at least believe, what lies hid in me, and what I am
able to effect. It would be more profitable it should ascertain
what I am able to do with myself. Deserting all the methods of
the Alchemists, it would then use only that which is in me and
can be done by me. The stone of cold is in me. This is a water
by means of which I make the spirits of the six metals congeal
into the essence of the seventh, and this is to promote Sol with
Luna.7
Two kinds of Antimony are found: one the common black by which
Sol is purified when liquefied therein. This has the closest
affinity with Saturn. The other kind is the white, which is also
called Magnesia and Bismuth. It has great affinity with Jupiter,
and when mixed with the other Antimony it augments Luna.
THE SIXTH CANON.
CONCERNING LUNA AND THE PROPERTIES THEREOF.
The endeavour to make Saturn or Mars out of Luna involves
no lighter or easier work than to make Luna, with great gain,
out of Mercury, Jupiter, Mars, Venus, or Saturn. It is not useful
to transmute what is perfect into what is imperfect, but the
latter into the former. Nevertheless, it is well to know what
is the material of Luna, or whence it proceeds. Whoever is not
able to consider or find this out will neither be able to make
Luna. It will be asked, What is Luna? It is among the seven metals
which are spiritually concealed, itself the seventh, external,
corporeal, and material. For this seventh always contains the
six metals spiritually hidden in itself. And the six spiritual
metals do not exist without one external and material metal.
So also no corporeal metal can have place or essence without
those six spiritual ones. The seven corporeal metals mix easily
by means of liquefaction, but this mixture is not useful for
making Sol or Luna. For in that mixture each metal remains in
its own nature, or fixed in the fire, or flies from it. For example,
mix, in any way you can, Mercury, Jupiter, Saturn, Mars, Venus,
Sol, and Luna. It will not thence result that Sol and Luna will
so change the other five that, by the agency of Sol and Luna,
these will become Sol and Luna. For though all be liquefied into
a single mass, nevertheless each remains in its nature whatever
it is. This is the judgment which must be passed on corporeal
mixture. But concerning spiritual mixture and communion of the
metals, it should be known that no separation or mortification
is spiritual, because such spirits can never exist without bodies.
Though the body should be taken away from them and mortified
a hundred times in one hour, nevertheless, they would always
acquire another much more noble than the former. And this is
the transposition of the metals from one death to another, that
is to say, from a lesser degree into one greater and higher,
namely, into Luna; and from a better into the best and most most
perfect, that is, into Sol, the brilliant and altogether royal
metal. It is most true, then, as frequently said above, that
the six metals always generate a seventh, or produce it from
themselves clear in its esse.
A question may arise: If it be true that Luna and every metal
derives its origin and is generated from the other six, what
is then its property and its nature? To this we reply: From Saturn,
Mercury, Jupiter, Mars, Venus, and Sol, nothing and no other
metal than Luna could be made. The cause is that each metal has
two good virtues of the other six, of which altogether there
are twelve. These are the spirit of Luna, which thus in a few
words may be made known. Luna is composed of the six spiritual
metals and their virtues, whereof each possesses two. Altogether,
therefore, twelve are thus posited in one corporeal metal, which
are compared to the seven planets and the twelve celestial signs.
Luna has from the planet Mercury, and from Aquarius and Pisces,
its liquidity and bright white colour. So Luna has from Jupiter,
with Sagittarius and Taurus, its white colour and its great firmness
in fire. Luna has from Mars, with Cancer and Aries, its hardness
and its clear sound. Luna has from Venus, with Gemini and Libra,
its measure of coagulation and its From Saturn, with Virgo and
Scorpio, its homogeneous body, with gravity. From Sol, with Leo
and Virgo, its spotless purity and great constancy against the
power of fire. Such is the knowledge of the natural exaltation
and of the course of the spirit and body of Luna, with its composite
nature and wisdom briefly summarised.
Furthermore, it should be pointed out what kind of a body such
metallic spirits acquire in their primitive generation by means
of celestial influx. For the metal-digger, when he has crushed
the stone, contemptible as it is in appearance, liquefies it,
corrupts it, and altogether mortifies it with fire. Then this
metallic spirit, in such a process of mortification, receives
a better and more noble body, not friable but malleable. Then
comes the Alchemist, who again corrupts, mortifies, and artificially
prepares such a metallic body. Thus once more that spirit of
the metal assumes a more noble and more perfect body, putting
itself forward clearly into the light, except it be Sol or Luna.
Then at last the metallic spirit and body are perfectly united,
are safe from the corruption of elementary fire, and also incorruptible.8
THE SEVENTH CANON.
CONCERNING THE NATURE OF SOL AND ITS PROPERTIES.
The seventh after the six spiritual metals is corporeally
Sol, which in itself is nothing but pure fire. What in outward
appearance is more beautiful, more brilliant, more clear and
perceptible, a heavier, colder, or more homogeneous body to see?
And it is easy to perceive the cause of this, namely, that it
contains in itself the congelations of the other six metals,
out of which it is made externally into one most compact body.
Its liquefaction proceeds from elementary fire, or is caused
by the liquations of Mercury, with Pisces and Aquarius, concealed
spiritually within it. The most manifest proof of this is that
Mercury is easily mingled corporeally with the Sun as in an embrace.
But for Sol, when the heat is withdrawn and the cold supervenes
after liquefaction, to coagulate and to become hard and solid,
there is need of the other five metals, whose nature it embraces
in itself Jupiter, Saturn, Mars, Venus, Luna. In these
five metals the cold abodes with their regimens are especially
found. Hence it happens that Sol can with difficulty be liquefied
without the heat of fire, on account of the cold whereof mention
has been made. For Mercury cannot assist with his natural heat
or liquefaction, or defend himself against the cold of the five
metals, because the heat of Mercury is not sufficient to retain
Sol in a state of liquefaction. Wherefore Sol has to obey the
five metals rather than Mercury alone. Mercury itself has no
office of itself save always to flow. Hence it happens that in
coagulations of the other metals it can effect nothing, since
its nature is not to make anything hard or solid, but liquid.
To render fluid is the nature of heat and life, but cold has
the nature of hardness, consolidation, and immobility, which
is compared to death. For example, the six cold metals, Jupiter,
Venus, Saturn, Mars, Venus, Luna, if they are to be liquefied
must be brought to that condition by the heat of fire. Snow or
ice, which are cold, will not produce this effect, but rather
will harden. As soon as ever the metal liquefied by fire is removed
therefrom, the cold, seizing upon it, renders it hard, congelated,
and immovable of itself. But in order that Mercury may remain
fluid and alive continually, say, I pray you, whether this will
be affected with heat on cold? Whoever answers that this is brought
about by a cold and damp nature, and that it has its life from
cold the promulgator of this opinion, having no knowledge
of Nature, is led away by the vulgar. For the vulgar man judges
only falsely, and always holds firmly on to his error. So then
let him who loves truth withdraw therefrom. Mercury, in fact,
lives not at all from cold but from a warm and fiery nature.
Whatever lives is fire, because heat is life, but cold the occasion
of death. The fire of Sol is of itself pure, not indeed alive,
but hard, and so far shews the colour of sulphur in that yellow
and red are mixed therein in due proportion. The five cold metals
are Jupiter, Mars, Saturn, Venus, and Luna, which assign to Sol
their virtues; according to cold, the body itself; according
to fire, colour; according to dryness, solidity; according to
humidity, weight; and out of brightness, sound. But that gold
is not burned in the element of terrestrial fire, nor is even
corrupted, is effected by the firmness of Sol. For one fire cannot
burn another, or even consume it; but rather if fire be added
to fire it is increased, and becomes more powerful in its operations.
The celestial fire which flows to us on the earth from the Sun
is not such a fire as there is in heaven, neither is it like
that which exists upon the earth, but that celestial fire with
us is cold and congealed, and it is the body of the Sun. Wherefore
the Sun can in no way be overcome by our fire. This only happens,
that it is liquefied, like snow or ice, by that same celestial
Sun. Fire, therefore, has not the power of burning fire, because
the Sun is fire, which, dissolved in heaven, is coagulated with
us.
Gold is in its 1 Celestial Dissolved
Essence three- { 2 Elementary} and Fluid
fold 3 Metallic is Corporeal.
THE END OF THE SEVEN CANONS.
THE COELUM PHILOSOPHORUM.
PART II.
CERTAIN TREATISES AND APPENDICES ARISING OUT OF
THE SEVEN CANONS.
GOD AND NATURE DO NOTHING IN VAIN.
THE eternal position of all things, independent of time, without
beginning or end, operates everywhere. It works essentially where
otherwise there is no hope. It accomplishes that which is deemed
impossible. What appears beyond belief or hope emerges into truth
after a wonderful fashion.
NOTE ON MERCURIUS VIVUS.
Whatever tinges with a white colour has the nature of life,
and the properties and power of light, which causally produces
life. Whatever, on the other hand, tinges with blackness, or
produces black, has a nature in common with death, the properties
of darkness, and forces productive of death. The earth with its
frigidity is a coagulation and fixation of this kind of hardness.
For the house is always dead; but he who inhabits the house lives.
If you can discover the force of this illustration you have conquered.
Tested liquefactive powder.
Burn fat verbena.9
Recipe. Salt nitre, four ounces; a moiety of sulphur;
tartar, one ounce. Mix and liquefy.
WHAT IS TO BE THOUGHT CONCERNING THE CONGELATION OF
MERCURY.
To mortify or congeal Mercury, and afterwards seek to turn
it into Luna, and to sublimate it with great labour, is labour
in vain, since it involves a dissipation of Sol and Luna existing
therein. There is another method, far different and much more
concise, whereby, with little waste of Mercury and less expenditure
of toil, it is transmuted into Luna without congelation. Any
one can at pleasure learn this Art in Alchemy, since it is so
simple and easy; and by it, in a short time, he could make any
quantity of silver and gold. It is tedious to read long descriptions,
and everybody wishes to be advised in straightforward words.
Do this, then; proceed as follows, and you will have Sol and
Luna, by help whereof you will turn out a very rich man. Wait
awhile, I beg, while this process is described to you in few
words, and keep these words well digested, so that out of Saturn,
Mercury, and Jupiter you may make Sol and Luna. There is not,
nor ever will be, any art so easy to find out and practise, and
so effective in itself. The method of making Sol and Luna by
Alchemy is so prompt that there is no more need of books, or
of elaborate instruction, than there would be if one wished to
write about last year's snow.
CONCERNING THE RECEIPTS OF ALCHEMY.
What, then, shall we say about the receipts of Alchemy, and
about the diversity of its vessels and instruments? These are
furnaces, glasses, jars, waters, oils, limes, sulphurs, salts,
saltpetres, alums, vitriols, chrysocollae, copper-greens, atraments,
auri-pigments, fel vitri, ceruse, red earth, thucia, wax, lutum
sapientiae, pounded glass, verdigris, soot, testae ovorum, crocus
of Mars, soap, crystal, chalk, arsenic, antimony, minium, elixir,
lazurium, gold-leaf, salt-nitre, sal ammoniac, calamine stone,
magnesia, bolus armenus, and many other things. Moreover, concerning
preparations, putrefactions, digestions, probations, solutions,
cementings, filtrations, reverberations, calcinations, graduations,
rectifications, amalgamations, purgations, etc., with these alchemical
books are crammed. Then, again, concerning herbs, roots, seeds,
woods, stones, animals, worms, bone dust, snail shells, other
shells, and pitch. These and the like, whereof there are some
very far-fetched in Alchemy, are mere incumbrances of work; since
even if Sol and Luna could be made by them they rather hinder
and delay than further ones purpose. But it is not from
these to say the truth that the Art of making Sol
and Luna is to be learnt. So, then, all these things should be
passed by, because they have no effect with the five metals,
so far as Sol and Luna are concerned. Someone may ask, What,
then, is this short and easy way, which involves no difficulty,
and yet whereby Sol and Luna can be made? Our answer is, this
has been fully and openly explained in the Seven Canons. It would
be lost labour should one seek further to instruct one who does
not understand these. It would be impossible to convince such
a person that these matters could be so easily understood, but
in an occult rather than in an open sense.
THE ART IS THIS: After you have made heaven, or the sphere
of Saturn, with its life to run over the earth, place on it all
the planets, or such, one or more, as you wish, so that the portion
of Luna may be the smallest. Let all run, until heaven, or Saturn,
has entirely disappeared. Then all those planets will remain
dead with their old corruptible bodies, having meanwhile obtained
another new, perfect, and incorruptible body.
That body is the spirit of heaven. From it these planets again
receive a body and life, and live as before. Take this body from
the life and the earth. Keep it. It is Sol and Luna. Here you
have the Art altogether, clear and entire. If you do not yet
understand it, or are not practised therein, it is well. It is
better that it should be kept concealed, and not made public.
HOW TO CONJURE THE CRYSTAL SO THAT ALL THINGS MAY
BE SEEN IN IT.
To conjure is nothing else than to observe anything rightly,
to know and to understand what it is. The crystal is a figure
of the air. Whatever appears in the air, movable or immovable,
the same appears also in the speculum or crystal as a wave. For
the air, the water, and the crystal, so far as vision is concerned,
are one, like a mirror in which an inverted copy of an object
is seen.
CONCERNING THE HEAT OF MERCURY.
Those who think that Mercury is of a moist and cold nature
are plainly in error, because it is by its nature in the highest
degree warm and moist, which is the cause of its being in a constant
state of fluidity. If it were of a moist and cold nature it would
have the appearance of frozen water, and be always hard and solid,
so that it would be necessary to liquefy it by the heat of fire,
as in the case of the other metals. But it does not require this,
since it has liquidity and flux from its own heat naturally inborn
in it, which keeps it in a state of perpetual fluidity and renders
it "quick", so that it can neither die, nor be coagulated,
nor congealed. And this is well worth noticing, that the spirits
of the seven metals, or as many of them as have been commingled,
as soon as they come into the fire, contend with one another,
especially Mercury, so that each may put forth its powers and
virtues in the endeavour to get the mastery in the way of liquefying
and transmuting. One seizes on the virtue, life, and form of
another, and assigns some other nature and form to this one.
So then the spirits or vapours of the metals are stirred up by
the heat to operate mutually one upon the other, and transmute
from one virtue to another, until perfection and purity are attained.
But what must be done besides to Mercury in order that its moisture
and heat may be taken away, and in their place such an extreme
cold introduced as to congeal, consolidate, and altogether mortify
the Mercury? Do what follows in the sentence subjoined: Take
pure Mercury closely shut up in a silver pixis. Fill a jar with
fragments of lead, in the midst of which place the pixis. Let
it melt for twenty-four hours, that is, for a natural day. This
takes away from Mercury his occult heat, adds an external heat,
and contributes the internal coldness of Saturn and Luna (which
are both planets of a cold nature), whence and whereby the Mercury
is compelled to congeal, consolidate, and harden.
Note also that the coldness (which Mercury needs in its consolidation
and mortification) is not perceptible by the external sense,
as the cold of snow or of ice is, but rather, externally, there
is a certain amount of apparent heat. Just in the same way is
it with the heat of Mercury, which is the cause of its fluidity.
It is not an external heat, perceptible in the same way as one
of our qualities. Nay, externally a sort of coldness is perceptible.
Whence the Sophists (a race which has more talk than true wisdom)
falsely assert that Mercury is cold and of a moist nature, so
that they go on and advise us to congeal it by means of heat;
whereas heat only renders it more fluid, as they daily find out
to their own loss rather than gain.
True Alchemy which alone, by its unique Art, teaches how to fabricate
Sol and Luna from the five imperfect metals, allows no other
receipt than this, which well and truly says: Only from metals,
in metals, by metals, and with metals, are perfect metals made,
for in some things is Luna and in other metals is Sol.
WHAT MATERIALS AND INSTRUMENTS ARE REQUIRED IN ALCHEMY.
There is need of nothing else but a foundry, bellows, tongs,
hammers, cauldrons, jars, and cupels made from beechen ashes.
Afterwards, lay on Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sol, Venus, Mercury,
and Luna. Let them operate finally up to Saturn.
THE METHOD OF SEEKING MINERALS.
The hope of finding these in the earth and in stones is most
uncertain, and the labour very great. However, since this is
the first mode of getting them, it is in no way to be despised,
but greatly commended. Such a desire or appetite ought no more
to be done away with than the lawful inclination of young people,
and those in the prime of life, to matrimony. As the bees long
for roses and other flowers for the purpose of making honey and
wax, so, too, men apart from avarice or their own aggrandisement
should seek to extract metal from the earth. He who does
not seek it is not likely to find it. God dowers men not only
with gold or silver, but also with poverty, squalor, and misery.
He has given to some a singular knowledge of metals and minerals,
whereby they have obtained an easier and shorter method of fabricating
gold and silver, without digging and smelting them, than they
were commonly accustomed to, by extracting them from their primitive
bodies. And this is the case not only with subterranean substances,
but by certain arts and knowledge they have extracted them from
the five metals generally (that is to say, from metals excocted
from minerals which are imperfect and called metals), viz., from
Mercury, Jupiter, Saturn, Mars and Venus, from all of which,
and from each of them separately, Sol and Luna can be made, but
from one more easily than from another. Note, that Sol and Luna
can be made easily from Mercury, Saturn, and Jupiter, but from
Mars and Venus with difficulty. It is possible to make them,
however, but with the addition of Sol and Luna. Out of Magnesium
and Saturn comes Luna, and out of Jupiter and Cinnabar pure Sol
takes its rise. The skilful artist, however (how well I remember!),
will be able by diligent consideration to prepare metals so that,
led by a true method of reasoning, he can promote the perfection
of metallic transformation more than do the courses of the twelve
signs and the seven planets. In such matters it is quite superfluous
to watch these courses, as also their aspects, good or bad days
or hours, the prosperous or unlucky condition of this or that
planet, for these matters can do no good, and much less can they
do harm in the art of natural Alchemy. If otherwise, and you
have a feasible process, operate when you please. If, however,
there be anything wanting in you or your mode of working, or
your understanding, the planets and the stars of heaven will
fail you in your work.
If metals remain buried long enough in the earth, not only are
they consumed by rust, but by long continuance they are even
transmuted into natural stones, and there are a great many of
these; but this is known to few. For there is found in the earth
old stone money of the heathens, printed with their different
figures. These coins were originally metallic, but through the
transmutation brought about by Nature, they were turned into
stone.
WHAT ALCHEMY IS.
Alchemy is nothing else but the set purpose, intention, and
subtle endeavour to transmute the kinds of the metals from one
to another.10 According to this, each person, by his own mental
grasp, can choose out for himself a better way and Art, and therein
find truth, for the man who follows a thing up more intently
does find the truth. It is highly necessary to have a correct
estimation of stars and of stones, because the star is the informing
spirit of all stones. For the Sol and Luna of all the celestial
stars are nothing but one stone in itself; and the terrestrial
stone has come forth from the celestial stone; through the same
fire, coals, ashes, the same expulsions and repurgations as that
celestial stone, it has been separated and brought, clear and
pure in its brightness. The whole ball of the earth is only something
thrown off, concrete, mixed, corrupted, ground, and again coagulated,
and gradually liquefied into one mass, into a stony work, which
has its seat and its rest in the midst of the firmamental sphere.
Further it is to be remarked that those precious stones which
shall forth-with be set down have the nearest place to the heavenly
or sidereal ones in point of perfection, purity, beauty, brightness,
virtue, power of withstanding fire, and incorruptibility, and
they have been fixed with other stones in the earth.11
They have, therefore, the greatest affinity with heavenly
stones and with the stars, because their natures are derived
from these. They are found by men in a rude environment, and
the common herd (whose property it is to take false views of
things) believe that they were produced in the same place where
they are found, and that they were afterwards polished, carried
around, and sold, and accounted to be great riches, on account
of their colours, beauty, and other virtues. A brief description
of them follows:
The Emerald. This is a green transparent stone. It
does good to the eyes and the memory. It defends chastity; and
if this be violated by him who carries it, the stone itself does
not remain perfect.12
The Adamant. A black crystal called Adamant or else
Evax, on account of the joy which it is effectual in impressing
on those who carry it. It is of an obscure and transparent blackness,
the colour of iron. It is the hardest of all; but is dissolved
in the blood of a goat. Its size at the largest does not exceed
that of a hazel nut.13
The Magnet Is an iron stone, and so attracts iron to
itself.14
The Pearl. The Pearl is not a stone, because it is
produced in sea shells. It is of a white colour. Seeing that
it grows in animated beings, in men or in fishes, it is not properly
of a stony nature, but properly a depraved (otherwise a transmuted)
nature supervening upon a perfect work.15
The Jacinth Is a yellow, transparent stone. There is
a flower of the same name which, according to the fable of the
poets, is said to have been a man.16
The Sapphire Is a stone of a celestial colour and a
heavenly nature.17
The Ruby Shines with an intensely red nature.18
The Carbuncle. A solar stone, shining by its own nature
like the sun.19
The Coral Is a white or red stone, not transparent.
It grows in the sea, out of the nature of the water and the air,
into the form of wood or a shrub; it hardens in the air, and
is not capable of being destroyed in fire.20
The Chalcedony Is a stone made up of different colours,
occupying a middle place between obscurity and transparency,
mixed also with cloudiness, and liver coloured. It is the lowest
of all the precious stones.21
The Topaz Is a stone shining by night. It is found
among rocks.22
The Amethyst Is a stone of a purple and blood colour.23
The Chrysoprasus Is a stone which appears like fire
by night, and like gold by day.
The Crystal Is a white stone, transparent, and very
like ice. It is sublimated, extracted, and produced from other
stones.24
As a pledge and firm foundation of this matter, note the following
conclusion. If anyone intelligently and reasonably takes care
to exercise himself in learning about the metals, what they are,
and whence they are produced: he may know that our metals are
nothing else than the best part and the spirit of common stones,
that is, pitch, grease, fat, oil, and stone. But this is least
pure, uncontaminated, and perfect, so long as it remains hidden
or mixed with the stones. It should therefore be sought and found
in the stones, be recognised in them, and extracted from them,
that is, forcibly drawn out and liquefied. For then it is no
longer a stone, but an elaborate and perfect metal, comparable
to the stars of heaven, which are themselves, as it were, stones
separated from those of earth.
Whoever, therefore, studies minerals and metals must be furnished
with such reason and intelligence that he shall not regard only
those common and known metals which are found in the depth of
the mountains alone. For there is often found at the very surface
of the earth such a metal as is not met with at all, or not equally
good, in the depths. And so every stone which comes to our view,
be it great or small, flint or simple rock, should be carefully
investigated and weighed with a true balance, according to its
nature and properties. Very often a common stone, thrown away
and despised, is worth more than a cow. Regard must not always
be had to the place of digging from which this stone came forth;
for here the influence of the sky prevails. Everywhere there
is presented to us earth, or dust, or sand, which often contain
much gold or silver, and this you will mark.
HERE ENDS THE COELUM PHILOSOPHORUM.
NOTES
1. The three prime substances are proved only
by fire, which manifests them pure, naked, clean, and simple.
In the absence of all ordeal by fire, there is no proving of
a substance possible. For fire tests everything, and when the
impure matter is separated the three pure substances are displayed.
De Origine Morborum ex Tribus Primis Substanstiis
Paramirum, Lib. I., c. 1. Fire separates that which is
constant or fixed from that which is fugitive or volatile.
De Morbis Metallicis, Lib. II., Tract I. Fire is the father
or active principle of separation. "Third Fragment
on Tartar" from the Fragmenta Medica.
2. By the mediation of Vulcan, or fire, any
metal can be generated from Mercury. At the same time, Mercury
is imperfect as a metal; it is semi-generated and wanting in
coagulation, which is the end of all metals. Up to the half way
point of their generation all metals are Mercury. Gold, for example,
is Mercury; but it loses the Mercurial nature by coagulation,
and although the properties of Mercury are present in it, they
are dead, for their vitality is destroyed by coagulation.
De Morbis Metallicis, Lib. III., Tract II., c.
2. The essences and arcanas which are latent in all the six metals
are to be found in the substance of Mercury. Ibid.,
c. 3. There are two genera of Mercury, the fixed Mercury of earth
and another kind which descends from the daily constellation.
Ibid., Lib. I., Tract II., c. 4. As there is a red
and white Sulphur of Marcasites, a yellow, red, and black Sulphur
of Talc, a purple and black Sulphur of the Cachimiae, a Sulphur
of Cinnabar, and, in like manner, of marble, amethyst, etc.,
so is there a special Mercury of Copper, Plumbago, Zinc, Arsenic,
etc. Ibid. Mercury is not Quicksilver, for Mercury
is dead, while Quicksilver is living. De Hydropisi.
3. Nothing of true value is located in the
body of a substance, but in the virtue. And this is the principle
of the Quintessence, which reduces, say, 20lbs. into a single
ounce, and that ounce far exceeds the entire 20lbs. in potency.
Hence the less there is of body, the more in proportion is the
virtue. De Origine Morborum Invisibilium, Lib.
IV.
4 .Tin or Jupiter, is pure Mercury coagulated
with a small quantity of Salt, but combined with a larger proportion
of white Sulphur. It derives its colours, white, yellow, or red,
from its Mercury. Its sublimation is also by Mercury, and its
resolution by Salt, and it is sublimed and resolved by these.
De Elemento Aquae, Tract III., c. 6.
5. In the generation of Iron there is a larger
proportion of Salt and Mercury, while the red Sulphur from which
copper proceeds is present in a smaller quantity. It contains
also a cuprine salt, but not in equal proportion with Mercury.
Its constituents are its own body, which preponderates; then
comes Salt, afterwards Mercury, and, lastly, Sulphur. When there
is more Salt than the composition of Sulphur requires, the metal
can in no wise be made, for it depends upon an equal weight of
each. For fluxibility proceeds from Mercury and coagulation from
Salt. Accordingly, if there be too much Salt it becomes too hard.
De Elemento Aquae, Lib. I V., Tract III., c. 4.
6. Venus is the first metal generated by the
Archeus of Nature from the three prime principles after the marcasites
and cachimiae have been separated from these. It is formed of
the gross redness which is purged off from the primal Sulphur
of the light red expelled in like manner from the Mercury, and
of the deep yellow separated in the purification of the prime
Salt by this same Archeus. Ibid., c. 3.
7. Lead is the blackness of the three first
principles, which, however, is by no means a superfluity, but
a peculiar metallic nature in them existing. For all metals are
latent in Mercury, and they are all only Mercury. The same is
to be concluded concerning Salt and Sulphur. Thus, as copper
is the abundant redness of the three principles, so Lead is their
blackness; but, at the same time, there are four colours concealed
therein the blackness, purged off from the three principles~
redness, which contains a precipitate out of Mercury; whiteness,
from the calcination of Mercury; and a certain yellowness derived
from Mercury. Thus the grossness and the colours are alike due
to Mercury, and Lead is, in fact, a black Mercury. Ibid.,
c. 5.
8. When the three prime principles have been
purged of their superfluities, and from the said superfluities
the imperfect metals have been generated, there remains nothing
gross or crude, either in colour or substance, but only a very
subtle nature of a white and purple hue. This is the most pure
quality of Mercury, Salt, and Sulphur, most clear and excellent
in form, substance, essence, and colour. These two essences,
namely, the white and the purple, are separated by the Archeus,
and out of the first fixed and coagulated, is formed silver,
while from the purple there is generated gold, which is the most
noble Sulphur, Salt, and Mercury, separated from all other colours,
and consisting of purple alone. Its clayey or yellow appearance
is accounted for by the subtlety and clearness of the metal,
because all the dull colours are removed. In Silver the most
prevalent colours are green and blue, which are respectively
derived from the Mercury and the Salt, the Sulphur contributing
nothing in the matter of colouring. On the other hand, in gold
the purple colour is derived from Salt, the pellucid redness
from Sulphur, and the yellow from Mercury. Ibid.,
c. 8.
9. Verbenas adole pingues, et mascula tura.
Virg., Ecl. viii. 65.
10. Alchemy is, so to speak, a kind of lower
heaven, by which the sun is separated from the moon, day from
night, medicine from poison, what is useful from what is refuse.
De Colica. Therefore learn Alchemy, which is otherwise
called Spagyria. This teaches you to discern between the true
and the false. Such a Light of Nature is it that it is a mode
of proof in all things, and walks in light. From this light of
Nature we ought to know and speak, not from mere phantasy, whence
nothing is begotten save the four humours and their compounds,
augmentation, stagnation, and decrease, with other trifles of
this kind. These proceed, not from the clear intellect, that
full treasure-house of a good man, but rather are based on a
fictitious and insecure foundation. Paramirum,
Lib. I., c. 3.
11. When the occult dispenser of Nature in
the prime principles that is to say, the potency called Ares,
has produced the gross and rough genera of stones, and no further
grossness remains, a diaphanous and subtle substance remains,
out of which the Archeus of Nature generates the precious stones
or gems. De Elemento Aquae, Lib. IV., Tract IV.,
c. 10.
12. The body f the Emerald is derived from
a kind of petrine Mercury. It receives from the same its colour,
coagulated with spirit of Salt. Ibid., c. 12.
13. The most concentrated hardness of all
stones combines for the generation of the adamant. The white
adamant has its body from Mercury, and its coagulation from the
spirit of Salt. Ibid ., c. 12.
14. Fortified by experience which is the mistress
of all things, and by mature theory, based on experience, I affirm
that the Magnet is a stone which not only undeniably attracts
steel and iron, but has also the same power over the matter of
all diseases in the whole body of man. De Corallis.
See Herbarius Theophrasti.
15. The Pearl is a seed of moisture. It generates
milk abundantly in women if they are deficient therein.
De Aridura.
16. The Jacinth, or Hyacinth, is a gem of
the same genus as the Carbuncle, but is inferior thereto in its
nature. De Elemento Aquae, Lib. IV., Tract IV.,
c. 11.
17. In the matter of body and colour the Sapphire
is generated from Mercury (the prime principle). It is formed
over white Sulphur and white Salt from a pallid petrine Mercury.
Hence white Sapphires frequently occur because a white Mercury
concurs in the formation. In like manner a lute-coloured Mercury
sometimes produces a clay-like hue. Ibid., c. 15.
18. The Ruby and similar gems possessing a
ruddy hue are generated from the red of Sulphur, and their body
is of petrine Mercury. For Mercury is the body of every precious
stone. Ibid., c. 13.
19. The Carbuncle is formed of the most transparent
matter which is conserved in the three principles. Mercury is
the body and Sulphur the colouring thereof, with a modicum of
the spirit of Salt, on account of the coagulation. All light
abounds therein, because Sulphur contains in itself a clear quality
of light, as the art of its transmutation demonstrates.
Ibid., c. 11.
20. There are two species of red Corals
one a dull red, which varies between sub-purple and semi-black;
the other a resplendent and brilliant red. As the colours differ,
so also do the virtues. There is also a whitish species which
is almost destitute of efficacy. In a word, as the Coral diminishes
in redness, so it weakens in its qualities. Herbarius Theophrasti;
De Corallis.
21. The gem Chalcedony is extracted from Salt.
Chirurgia Magna; De Tumoribus, etc., Morbi
Gallici, Lib. III., c. 6.
22. The Topaz is an extract from the minera
of Mars, and is a transplanted Iron. Ibid.
23. The Amethyst is an extract of Salt, while
Marble and Chalcedony are extracted from the same principle through
the Amethyst. Ibid.
24. The origin of Crystals is to be referred
to water. They contain within them a spirit of coagulation whereby
they are coagulated, as water by the freezing and glacial stars.
Lib. Meteorum, c. 7.
Next |